What this song renders
The line itself is Rousseau’s. ‘Qu’ils mangent de la brioche’ appears in Book Six of the Confessions, written around 1765 and attributed to an unnamed ‘great princess’ — years before Marie Antoinette arrived in France, when she was a nine-year-old in Austria. It was pinned to her only in the nineteenth century, long after the guillotine. The song withholds nothing here: it says outright that she never said it, never wrote it, and that a foreign girl was simply the easiest name to blame.
‘Madame Déficit’ was manufactured the same way. When France’s finances broke, the underground libelles and engraved caricatures supplied a face for the crisis — the spendthrift, the ostrich (a pun on l’Autrichienne/autruche), the harpy drowning the nation in diamonds and lace. She did spend heavily in the 1770s and 80s; she was not the cause of the deficit. The track cites the caricature as caricature and points the camera at the hands that bought it.
The Palais-Royal is the documented engine. Its arcades — where the Duc d’Orléans had barred the police — sold coffee, books and pamphlets off the same colonnade, a centre of ‘material and intellectual consumption.’ By 26 October 1789 the galleries were so choked with sellers and buyers of the libelles that the merchants petitioned and the trade was moved along — not for lying, but for blocking the pavement. The lie was never the problem; the obstruction was. The appetite did not fall; it was told to keep moving, and went on eating.
The line is not hers, and this is about as settled as history gets: it predates her public life by years and is Rousseau’s invention or borrowing, not a quotation. ‘Madame Déficit’ was a real epithet, and she really did spend lavishly — but she did not cause the fiscal crisis, and the caricatures the album renders are propaganda, cited as what was said and sold, never as fact. The only licence is the voice: the retrospective rage of a woman wearing the monster back at the crowd that built it.