What this song renders
The killing is in the record. Owen O’Flaherty had not joined the Bourke rising of 1586. When soldiers under Captain John Bingham, brother of the governor Sir Richard, came into his country, he received them, fed them and lodged them. That night he was seized, and the complaint preserved in the state papers says that, “lying fast bound in the tent,” he “was murdered with twelve deadly wounds.” Some four thousand cows, five hundred mares and horses and a thousand sheep were driven off, and his followers were hanged.
The account is partisan: it is her side’s complaint, filed against a governor she wanted removed. But the killing is not disputed in the English record, Bingham’s defenders argued about justification rather than fact, and the scale of the seizure fits everything else known of his methods in Connacht. Bingham’s conduct was part of the case she carried to Greenwich in 1593.
The song keeps the killing out of frame on purpose. The boats, the fire and the bread are drawn from the complaint’s account of the hospitality; the rain, the rope still tied on the tent and the grass coming back by June are the song’s images. The caoineadh on the bridge is a real form — the women’s keen, which named who was to blame.
Owen’s murder in 1586 with twelve wounds, the hospitality that preceded it, the cattle taken and the hangings are documented in her own complaint and not contested in the English record. The scenery of the morning after is the song’s. No number in the song is larger than the one she put on paper.